The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.